Oregon's Wonderful Voting Experiment

I first learned about Oregon's method of conducting elections in 2004, when America had to wait a bit to determine the winner of that state's electoral votes. Waiting I can handle, when its accompanied by 87% voter participation, guaranteed paper trails, lower cost of conducting elections, and two weeks to fill out my ballot.

You see, in Oregon, your ballot is mailed to you two weeks prior to the election. That gives you plenty of time to research the candidates and make your decision as educated as you'd like it to be. In case you don't trust your vote to the post office, you can even drop your ballot off up until 8pm on election day.

No more lines.

No worry about hacked voting machines or lack of a paper trail.

I can't find much not to like about this process.

Sure, there are concerns about voter fraud. Apparently signatures are required on ballots to assist in authenticating the voter. I'll agree that isn't foolproof, but most states don't even require ID to vote, so this process can't be much worse can it?

The Secretary of State (back in 2005) had a nice little article in the Washington Post about their process.

Vote-by-mail is voter-friendly, and high turnout in every vote-by-mail election shows that voters like the convenience. Oregonians receive ballots in the mail two weeks before Election Day, allowing ample time to research issues, review and mark the ballot, and eliminating the need to stand in long lines waiting for a polling booth.

Voters are busy, but voting fits their schedule if they may return their ballot at any time during those two weeks and up until 8 p.m. on Election Day. Voters may mail their ballots or save a stamp by dropping them off in person at any of the official sites located throughout the state. The earlier that ballots come in, the more time election officials have to check for any problems and to process the ballots to ensure that every vote counts. With a large number of ballots received before Election Day, the first tally released on election night contained nearly 50 percent of the vote and proved to be an accurate predictor of the final numbers.

Vote-by-mail provides an automatic paper trail. Every vote-by-mail ballot is read by reliable optical scan machines, and the paper is available should a hand recount become necessary. Mailed ballots are not forwarded by the post office, and the constant updating of voter rolls provided by returned ballots allows Oregon to have accurate and updated voter rolls without the risk of partisan purges.

Without polling places, vote-by-mail eliminates the expensive and time-consuming recruitment and training of poll workers. As a result, the cost of a vote-by-mail election is nearly 30 percent less than the cost of a polling place election.

Centralized supervision and control of ballot processing by elections officials in county elections offices, instead of dispersed polling places, maintains uniformity and strict compliance with law throughout the state.


Granted the guy is biased for his system, but its hard to argue with him. 87% participation is fantastic, especially when compared with the anemic national turnout in the last two presidential elections. I'm not sure how'd I'd feel about a national law mandating this system, as I think the states should have their say in this matter, but I would love to see North Carolina adopt this wonderful experiment.

0

I was just reading about this at the NYT blogs

Personally, I love the lines and the excitement of the polls on election day, but I can't argue with the turnout numbers.

According MSNBC's political director and numbers guru Chuck Todd, by May 18 there was already 36% "turnout". Amazing.

Are Oregonians more politically charged and tuned in than North Carolinians? I don't think so. I'd have to see more to be really convinced that this would work here, but on the surface, it's pretty amazing.

doclotus, I've got a neighboring precinct chair who is from Oregon and mentioned he really wanted to get this started in NC. There's interest outhtere.

Be the change you wish to see in the world. --Gandhi
Pointing at Naked Emperors

I remember reading about this in 2004...

while the rest of us were really wondering if our vote counted. It's almost foolproof, because of the paper trail. Every vote can be authenticated. Unlike what we have now, relying on Diebold, or other Republican corporations. And, seeing how we can't seem to get anything changed over the interests of the corporations, let's put our trust in McSame. We can trust him, I'm sure!

Its all about checks and balances, and transparency

However an election is conducted, whether with a computer (which Oregon uses)- or even hand counted paper ballots, everything depends on whether there are checks and balances implimented. That means paper ballots along with a computer count. Reconciliation of election materials (poll books compared to ballots cast etc). Use of bi partisan poll workers. Non partisan election directors. That includes the use of post election audits as a check on whether the machines are counting the votes accurately. North Carolina has these measures in place. They need fine tuned, but we are in better shape than some states.

*A note on North Carolina - we don't have Diebold in our state anymore, they didn't want to agree to the conditions of our Public Confidence in Elections Law passed in August 2005. I went to court to prevent them from having our law changed.

Here's the best advice around, from the computer scientist who launched the Verified Voting Foundation:

"Every voting system (perhaps every system of any kind) is insecure. Making them more secure is a desirable secondary priority, but unless we focus everyone on ensuring both auditability and effective auditing, we're just going to create an impossible muddle." ~ Dr. David L. Dill, Founder of the Verified Voting Foundation .

Oregon's Vote By Mail Doesn't Deliver

Ugh. My stomach twists in knots every time I read one of these blogs about Oregon's vote by mail system. What many people don't know about Vote By Mail:

First of all, Oregon spent over 10 years gradually implimenting its system, it isn't an experiment.

Second, the claims that it increases turnout are based on incomplete data.

Third Voter fraud? Most people don't even know what that is.
"Voter Fraud" is really "voter impersonation", i.e someone poses as another person in order to cast their ballot. It is a felony. Oregon has signature verification (however good that might be).

Fourth, with Vote By Mail, elections are wide open to the risk of VOTE SELLING . With VBM, the voter can easily sign the ballot and turn it over to a collaborator for a fee.

Fifth, Vote By Mail opens up the doors for voter intimidation. With Vote By Mail, voters DO NOT have the protection of casting their ballot in a private voting booth. They can be subjected to intimidation by family members, employers or "party bosses".

Sixth, Oregon's votes are counted by proprietary/secret software on optical scanners. Vendors own the software and the source code is not open for review. This is no better than the counting of ballots at in person polling places in any state.

Seventh, Oregon's Vote By Mail extends the chain of custody and puts ballots at risk. The ballots are in transit either from the post office or are deposited at voting stations. These ballots are not cast and counted on the same day. By not being counted at the polling places, the risk of tampering is greater.

Eighth, the claim of higher voter turnout is based on incomplete data.

Project Vote has a report out on Oregon's Vote BY Mail, authored by Michael Slater, who is a resident of Oregon. In Vote By Mail Doesn't Deliver, Slater points out:

Vote by mail is only as reliable as the mail delivery.

Vote by mail’s effect on voter turnout is at best neutral, but may favor affluent voters.

Vote by mail is more susceptible to corruption than voting at polling places.

Vote by mail is amenable to manipulation by election officials.

and Slater concludes with

"VBM reinforces the stratification of the electorate; it’s more amenable to both fraud and manipulation than voting at polling places; and it depends too much on the reliability of the U.S. Postal Service.

Americans deserve an equal opportunity to participate in democracy; vote by mail doesn’t deliver that."

North Carolina has the best of all possible worlds in voting right now. Voters have their choice of voting in person at a neighborhood polling place on election day, voting at a one stop voting site during the 2 1/2 week early voting period, or voting with a no excuse absentee by mail ballot. We have same day registration during early voting. We have checks and balances in our election systems, paper ballots and we have post election audits. We need to improve on managing our voter rolls and hopefully set it up so that voters' registrations follow them when they move in our state. This registration issue is something that all 50 states are having to deal with. It doesn't make sense to abandon NC's system that is so attuned to voters.

doclotus's picture

Mail Delivery isn't the only option...

but I'll address your other points as well. Before I do so, I would like to point out that I don't think this is a perfect system, far from it. But I do think its worth our review, especially given how successful it has been.

1) Experiment - I called it an experiment because it isn't widely used outside of Oregon. I'm borrowing from Justice Steven's analogy because I do think the states offer the ability to experiment like this and see how it works.

2) Turnout - I'll admit, the data here is inconclusive. In 1998 they had I think 59% turnout and followed that in a presidential year with 68%. In 2004 they had 87%, third highest in the country. I'll admit to a correlation bias here, but its certainly encouraging.

3) Voter fraud - The 2005 Carter-Baker study seemed to indicate that the signature verification system worked well to prevent voter fraud. It isn't fool proof, but most cases were caught from what I read. I have a hard time believing this is less secure than me walking into your polling station and voting when I don't have to provide ID.

4) Vote selling - I have a hard time believing this is an issue, but I can't disprove it either, I would think if vote selling were occurring on any significant basis, it would garner more attention.

5) This seems to be a red herring. How am I intimidated in the privacy of my own home? If my spouse or family is the culprit, they will initimidate me whether I fill out the ballot at home or in the booth. If that really is an issue, do it at Subway.

6) Scanners - There is still a paper trail in this case, which has been the primary indictment of the electronic machines.

7) This seems to be a straw man at best. Do you have any evidence of vote tampering? The study I cited above made no reference to it as an issue.

8) this is a repeat of 2

The Slater article is an interesting read, but mostly repeats some of your arguments. The voter stratification thread is interesting, but not wholly convincing. His indictment of VBM suffers from the same correlation bias he attributes on the turnout argument. Do poor people vote less because of mail in balloting or because they feel less empowered?

Slater's indictment of voter roll purging lacks support. He gives no indication that this takes place in Oregon, other than lumping them in with other states alleged to purge voter rolls. Denver is the only empirical example he provides. I agree with his construct regarding voter purging for infrequent votes. If I'm registered, I have the right to vote under the NVRA. My registration should never be purged without cause. Not voting in 2007 shouldn't be one.

While I won't claim that Oregon's VBM approach is perfect, it has some compelling points. The best of all worlds will be when we can vote online, but that unfortunately has some obstacles to becoming consistent and effective.

Vote by Mail and Voting Online? Not a fan of either

I'll start with the ending of your comments - that "the best of both worlds will be when we can vote online..."

Computer scientists objected to an Governmental internet voting experiment in 2004, and these same scientists continue to raise objections/warnings even today.

See the "SERVE" Report:

A Security Analysis of the Secure Electronic
Registration and Voting Experiment (SERVE)
January 20, 2004
Authors
Dr. David Jefferson, Dr. Aviel D. Rubin, Dr. Barbara Simons, Dr. David Wagner

The authors of the report adamantly state that:

"E-commerce grade security is not good enough for elections," they wrote. The dual requirements of authentication and anonymity make voting very different from most online purchases, they wrote, and failures and fraud are covered by Internet merchants and credit card companies. "How do we recover if an election is compromised?" they wrote.

Back to vote by mail.

Michael Slater, Deputy Director of Project Vote warns that if you miss one vote by mail election, you are subject to being purged from the rolls.

He writes:
Vote by mail is amenable to manipulation by election officials.

The National Voter Registration Act (NVRA) prohibits election officials from purging voters for failing to vote. It also requires notice letters and a waiting period before officials can purge voters whom they believe have moved. A registered voter should be able to go her polling place on Election Day and find her name on the list, even if she skipped an election. Vote by mail is different. Election officials in many states can decide to mail ballots to only a subset of registered voters, leaving other voters waiting by the mailbox.

This is exactly what happened in Denver recently. Colorado law requires election officials to place voters who have missed a single general election on an “inactive list.” Voters on the inactive list do not receive a mail ballot. In this case, Denver voters who missed the 2006 general election did not receive their ballots in the mail. More than 117,000 voters were left out of the election as a consequence. Ironically, many Denver voters were unable to cast a ballot in 2006 because of the city’s well-reported failure of its electronic poll book system.

Distinguishing between “active” and “inactive” voters and then mailing ballots to only active voters is the practice Oregon, Washington, and California, in addition to Colorado. No federal law protects voters against this administrative sleight of hand.

As for the risk of Vote Selling, which VBM so easily lends itself to - read the reports by Dr. Charles Corry.

Please visit this link to read more about these subjects:

Index
Introduction

What are the problems with mail ballots?

Voter registration problems with mail ballots

Voter disenfranchisement with mail ballots

Ballot box stuffing is facilitated

Vote buying and selling

Facilitates manipulating the vote count

Problems using optical scanners to count mail ballots

Handicapped voters

Cost, voter turnout, and convenience

Costs

Table 1: Comparison of costs between current polling place and all mail ballot elections

Voter turnout

Table 2: Voter turnout for elections in El Paso County, Colorado, for the years 1992 through 2007

Convenience

Okay, I'm a little confused here

First of all, let me say up front that after my early voting experience and observations recently, I am far from convinced that North Carolina's voter registration/verification system is even adequate, much less sound and efficient.

Be that as it may, these arguments against VBM:

Third Voter fraud? Most people don't even know what that is.
"Voter Fraud" is really "voter impersonation", i.e someone poses as another person in order to cast their ballot. It is a felony. Oregon has signature verification (however good that might be).

Fourth, with Vote By Mail, elections are wide open to the risk of VOTE SELLING . With VBM, the voter can easily sign the ballot and turn it over to a collaborator for a fee.

are in direct conflict with opinions Project Vote used when decrying the use of voter caging to identify potentially fraudulent votes:

Last, but certainly not least, the ballot security programs conducted by Republican entities are in response to alleged problems with voter fraud. Yet, no significant problems with voter fraud exist. Voter fraud, where it is found involves tactics such as the misdirection of absentee ballots, voter intimidation tactics at polling places, or vote buying. It is far from common and it is not the province of one party. More importantly, voter fraud in which an individual voter votes more than once, the type of fraud voter caging operations are designed to catch, are extremely rare. Cases in which a voter is registered in two different jurisdictions are more likely to be the result of failure to cancel an old registration than an intent to vote twice. Mass challenges coupled with media campaigns alleging widespread voter fraud may serve a political agenda, but they are of questionable value in ensuring election integrity.

And as far as this is concerned:

Eighth, the claim of higher voter turnout is based on incomplete data.

I can tell you with a great deal of confidence that many of the folks who endured the unbelievably inept voter verification process recently will not try to early vote again for some time, meaning they will have to dash home from work and stand in long lines at their designated polling place on election day. Which also means that a lot of them just won't do it.

Micheal Slater didn't contradict himself

Michael Slater, deputy director of Project Vote didn't contradict himself.

Vote Selling is not the same thing as "Voter Fraud".

Voter Fraud is another term for "Voter impersonation" where someone goes to the polls and presents themselves as another person.

With Vote By Mail, the risk is "Vote Selling",where someone signs their Vote By mail Ballot, for example, and sells it to someone else who votes that ballot and then drops it off in the mail or drop box.

People in North Carolina have more choices in voting than do most states.

If you think that the system in your county is bad, then you can become involved to improve the situation by attending Board of Elections meetings to learn more, and by volunteering as a poll worker. You will understand the system better and be in a position to urge change if needed.

In my county the early voting went well and the same day registration went well.

At least you are able to see the problems that occur when you vote in person. With vote by mail, you don't see anything of the process.

And just how widespread

do you think this is (would be here)?

With Vote By Mail, the risk is "Vote Selling",where someone signs their Vote By mail Ballot, for example, and sells it to someone else who votes that ballot and then drops it off in the mail or drop box.

Frankly, I can't imagine this happening on anything other than a tiny scale without the vote buyers getting caught. I guess if they already had a list of people who were willing to do this, they might get away with it. But how do you (safely) get such a list?

In my county the early voting went well and the same day registration went well.

The problems I had were related to the state-wide database, not the local poll workers. They were even more frustrated than the voters. Even when my (unique) voter registration number was typed into the search, three incorrect listings came up. We ended up putting in my date of birth and scrolling through the listings just to find me. After double-checking everything, there was no reason the previous searches should have failed.

Oregon voter roll problems exist

North Carolina AND Oregon have a problem with the statewide voter registration databases, as do all states. This means that some voters may not be on the voting rolls. This is due to the federal law, HAVA requiring that states set up and maintain statewide online voter registration databases by 2006. Only North Dakota is free from this - because their state does not require voter registration. Voter advocacy groups are working hard to find solutions to this problem now. (See Voter Registration: Steps States Can Take to Help Voters Register and Keep Them Registered - April 14 2008

Here's from a report of the Oregon SOS office about the new voter registration database:

The report covers the state’s voter registration process, from the application form up through Election Day - including the intake of registration forms, the manner in which information from the forms may be matched to other government lists, the consequences of the match process, and any opportunity to correct errors. Each variation at each step of the process has tangible consequences for voters seeking to register and vote in 2006 and beyond.

IMPORTANT: Because of the possibility that voter information may differ from database to database (abbreviations, street designations, etc.) or because of data entry errors, valid voter registration data may be rejected. Individual voters are urged to contact their county clerk or local election board to determine that they are properly registered. Many such election authorities maintain online services for this purpose, other will require a telephone call or perhaps a written inquiry to determine the voter's eligibility.

So - Oregon now has a statewide voter registration database and so now has two problems for voters:

1. the already existing problem that if you missed voting in an election, you won't get a ballot in the next one. You'll be waiting by the mail box for nothing.

2. the same problems that exist in any of the other states that have voter registration databases.

The solution to the voter roll problems depends at this time on voter advocacy groups like Project Vote, the Brennan Center for Justice, PFAW, Stateside Dispatch and local state advocacy groups to solve, as no one else is attending to this problem.

Ok, NCVoter, will have to accept your word on this issue......

since you have been intimately involved. But I haven't seen any widespread feeling from Oregon about what would seem apparent discrepancies, if that's the right word. Whereas in Ohio, it was imediately unexplainable how there was such a large error from the exit polls, plus many other unexplainable events. Anyway, hopefully we will feel good after this, my first presidential vote, in NC. My last two presidential votes were under a dark cloud in Florida, so you can imagine my paranoia on this issue.

How do you exit poll Oregon for discrepancies?

Thats one thing I was curious about. Evidently they they were polling people who dropped off ballots in person yesterday? That seems like it opens up a whole set of issues about quality of the set of people you're polling. What about all the people who mailed theirs in ages ago?

Blue South's picture

Same as in other states

They conduct exit polls same as in other states like NC and TX that have early vote options. They just do a large amount of telephone exit polling in addition to day of.

"Keep the Faith"

MaxTheDog2's picture

Exit Mail Poll is being Read right now?

What about all the people who mailed theirs in ages ago?*funmerlin

Don't worry! Homeland Security conducted the mail exit poll months ago. Of course you do understand that Poll is consider a national security matter and won't be release until all citizens of Oregon are firmly held in dentention for voting for President Obama.

don't take my word for it

Really don't take my word on VBM. I've posted some valuable links in my other comments up the thread, or you can do your own research.

I developed my opinion on VBM opinion from reading what was written by experts like Dr. Corry and Michael Slater and also from work with other voting activists in other states.

Next, let me disclose that I often communicate with some very good voting activists from Oregon who like their system, but are mortified at the idea of how poorly many other states would impliment it. Their fear is that some of us would discredit a system that seems to work well for them. They spent 10 years gradually implimenting the system and there is more to it than just getting your ballot in the mail every year.

Imagine Florida going to VBM, when in 2004 tens of thousands of absentee ballots went "missing".

I can't imagine NC having Vote By Mail, as crooked as politics are here. (Not saying we don't have fine representatives).

Each of the 50 states are unique in how they run elections. Some states have partisan secretary of states and partisan election directors running their elections. Ohio and Florida are an example. In Florida election directors actually run for office.

Ohio's SOS was the State Party Chair of the republican party in 2004. That isn't allowed in NC.

There will always be problems in elections, even in NC. Our biggest problem right now is voter rolls - we still are issuing provisional ballots. Many voters don't update their registration if they move for example. We still get reports that people registered at the DMV and aren't on the rolls! I know people who have voted for years who don't know that their registration does not follow them wherever they go.

Vote By Mail won't help that problem.

For people who just LOVE the idea of vote by mail, you have the option of requesting to be a permanent absentee by mail voter in NC if that is what you really want to do.

gregflynn's picture

2008 Election Results Accidentally Leaked </onion>

From the Onion News Network
Diebold Accidentally Leaks Results Of 2008 Election

Diebold Accidentally Leaks Results Of 2008 Election Early

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Since When is Campbell Brown My Hero?


Trying to get a straight answer out of McCain spokesman Tucker Bounds.

BTW: I'm glad that Talking Points Memo posted this excerpt on Youtube, but since when does TiVo'ing something allow you to brand it with your logo? That's the Wild West...